### Population

#### Indicators:

- Population
- Urbanization

| #### Population
| unit: million persons dimension: region

The size and structure of a population is determined by three fundamental demographic processes: birth, death and migration. The number of births is determined by the fertility rates, the number of deaths by the age-specific mortality rates. Migration is taken into account exogenously by the total number of net migrants per year (i.e. immigration flow minus emigration). These aspects are included in a standard cohort-component model of 101 age groups and the two sexes.

| #### Urbanization
| unit: none (fraction) dimension: region

The fraction of the population living in urban areas. This is an exogenous variable.